Development

Development from Latin to Lingua Eurana

In this chapter the development of declension in Lingua Eurana is shown. You can compare the suffixes of written Latin, spoken Latin, Lingua Eurana and the former artificial language Esperanto.

The result of this analysis:

In consideration of the casi Lingua Eurana is characterized as a variant of spoken Latin. It differs in the accusative by a change of the vocal -u to -o.

Esperanto is rather similar constructed, but it is a mixture of spoken Latin of the classical period and the romanic language Italian, especially the suffix -o in nominative, the definite article l in composition with the preposition a. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, revived the almost lost ending -m to indicate the accusative.

Lingua Eurana stands nearer to the spirit of the old Romans. You can say, Lingua Eurana is a good revival language of spoken Latin.

O-declension (Singular)

Casus Written Latin
(till 5th century a.d.) Spoken Latin
(since 2nd century b.c.) Lingua Eurana
(21st century a.d.) Esperanto
(19th century a.d.)

Nominative -us
(s was dropped later) -u -u -o

Genitive -i
(a preposition was added) de -o da -u de -o

Dative -o
(a preposition was added) a(d) -o a -u al -o

Accusative -um
(m was dropped later) -u -ó -on

Ablative -o -o dé -u -

Locative - - pa -u -

This color indicates the conformity of grammatical forms.

The use of the prepositions (de, ad) to denote the casus developed since the 2nd century before Christ.

Example:

hunc ad carneficem dabo (Plautus, Capt. 1019); nuncquod ad vos, spectatores, relicuum relinquitur (Cist. 876)

The preposition de was generally used to indicate genitive case between the 4th and 5th century a.d.

Example:

Filuminus tonsor de circum ("Filuminus, the barber of the circus"; inscription in Rome)
Voluntas de Deo ("The will of god")

In this chapter the tempus of verbs is considered.

Tempus	Latin	Lingua Eurana	Esperanto
Present	-e-	-e	-as
Past tense	-e-ba	-eva	-is
Future I	-e-r-	-era	-os

Latin has four conjugations -a, -e, -i, -consonant. In Lingua Eurana only the ending -e is used. That simplifies the complicate richness of Latin verb forms. You can recognize that Lingua Eurana is very similar to Latin in contrary of Esperanto where invented constructions denote tempus.

Literature:

"Mutter Latein und ihre Töchter", Carl Vossen, Stern-Verlag Janssen & Co. Düsseldorf, 13. Auflage 1992

"Lateinische Sprachlehre", Schmidt - Wecker - Röttger, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht in Göttingen, 13. Auflage 1968